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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
四川：绿色高效山地农业赋能乡村振兴****** 中新网成都11月27日电 (单鹏)初冬时节，四川广元昭化区昭化镇的猕猴桃进入越冬管理期。在昭化镇朝阳村“省四星级现代农业园区”里，一株株猕猴桃树的树干被涂白剂“刷白”，工人三三两两修剪树枝。近来朝阳村村民居太高每天都要下地转一转，“把越冬管理做好了，来年才会有好收成。”他说。 广元是世界红心猕猴桃发源地和最大生产基地，但几年前，坐落在群山之间的朝阳村却是个“另类”。由于缺乏发展规划，该村土地零散，大部分土地以传统农作物种植为主，部分还是荒山和杂木林。“2017年我们来到当地支持山地农业发展，针对朝阳村做了详细规划，论证到底该发展什么产业、如何布局生产，最终确定在中低海拔区(500-700米)重点发展猕猴桃种植，稍高海拔区(700-900米)以桃李产业为主。”四川省农业科学院园艺研究所副所长、研究员陈栋表示。  果树冬管技术培训会现场。 四川省农业科学院 供图经过几年培育，朝阳村成为当地猕猴桃、桃的重要产区之一，并带动了周边村镇的果树产业发展。从荒山到遍地果园，朝阳村的蜕变是四川山地农业发展的缩影。近年来，四川山地农业走出一条从增产到提质的绿色高质量发展之路：特色产业在四川盆周山区以及贫困地区逐步发展，西南山地主要作物优质高产高效技术体系逐渐形成，优质粮油、茶叶、特色水果、道地中药材、特色食用菌、高原蔬菜品种选育取得显著成效。 “种植猕猴桃和桃后，村里发生了翻天覆地的变化。”居太高说，随着收入提高，村里路宽了、环境美了，土坯房也变成了漂亮的小楼房，“朝阳村人均年收入从几千元提高到2万多元，越来越多的年轻人愿意返乡搞农业。” 作为在高山地域环境下形成的农业形态，山地农业地块多、面积小、分布零散，这意味着发展山地农业比平原地区面临更多挑战：不仅机械化、规模化种植难以施展拳脚，交通、用水、土质差也是难题。“发展山地农业，种植技术相对复杂，首先要根据当地的土壤、气候条件选择适合的品种，其次要因地制宜确定栽培模式，防治病虫害、加强土肥水管理。在无法大规模机械化的条件下，局部只能尝试使用小型机械，比如小型割草机、移动式喷药机或移动液压施肥枪等。”陈栋表示。 “红心猕猴桃的主要问题是抗溃疡病能力弱，在山地条件下，高海拔导致的低温以及多雨环境会提高溃疡病的发病率。”据四川省农业科学院园艺研究所研究员涂美艳介绍，溃疡病是一种细菌性病害，具有隐蔽性、暴发性、毁灭性的特点，“我们在园区内不仅引进示范了不同类型猕猴桃优新品种，还和当地农业农村局共同示范应用了红心猕猴桃避雨设施栽培技术，设计了不同类型的避雨棚供种植户选择，还配套了智能水肥一体化设施，探索并推广了果粮套作模式，很好地预防了溃疡病的发生。” 四川有较多的山地和丘陵，发展山地农业对推动当地乡村振兴具有重要意义。谈及四川山地农业下一步发展时，四川省农业科学院党委书记吕火明表示，将围绕粮食安全发展好小麦、水稻、玉米等粮食作物，同时关注林下产品、功能性农产品、养殖等产业发展。同时将因地制宜关注产业多样化，发展适合山区的特色产业，开发农旅产品，推动农旅融合，“总的目标是通过发展山地农业带动乡村振兴。” “在山地农业国际交流方面，我们与泰国、越南、老挝等东南亚国家以及阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省加强交流、开展紧密合作。”吕火明表示，将进一步加快国外先进科技技术成果引进，为四川山地农业现代化注入强劲动力，还将推动自主科研成果“走出去”，提高四川农业科技的国际影响力。(完)
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